A group of investors put proposals to the annual shareholders meetings of Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and Moderna but were voted down.
They argued sharing this intellectual property would speed up the rollout of vaccines by boosting manufacturing.
But the drug-makers say they are making doses faster than they can be used.
More than 11.4 billion doses of vaccine have now been distributed worldwide, although a third of the global population have not had a single dose, according the head of the World Health Organization Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus.